What are Reactive Dyes? Types of Reactive Dyes
What is Reactive Dyes?
Reactive dyes form a covalent bond after they contact a fabric molecule for a firm fabric bonding. Reactive dyes are very commonly used in the textile industry on different materials such as wool, silk, and cotton. Different popular applications of reactive dyes include exhaust dyeing, discharge printing, and inkjet printing.
Reactive Dye Categories
There are primarily two categories:
- Reactive dyes that react using Nucleophilic substitution reaction
- Reactive dyes that react using Nucleophilic addition reaction
Reactive Dyes Structure
Reactive Dyes Properties
- Reactive dyes come in all shades
- Powder, print-paste, and liquid are the different forms
- Good Water solubility
- Resistant to degradation caused by Ultra Violet rays
- Good light and wash fastness
Reactive Dye Factors
- pH
- Temperature
- Electrolyte concentration
- Time for dyeing
- Liquid ratio
Classification of Reactive Dyes
The reactive dye can be classified into three types:
1. Based on reactive group
-
- Halogen
- Activated Vinyl compound
2. Based on dyeing temperature
-
- Cold brand reactive dyes
- Medium brand reactive dyes
- Hot brand reactive dyes
3. Based on reactivity
-
- Lower reactive dyes
- Medium reactive dyes
- Higher reactive dyes
Types Of Reactive Dyes
Many types of reactive dyes are used based on their properties in different applications. Let us know about them in detail.
1. Monochlorotriazine Dye
These types of reactive dyes exhibit good substantive properties in all the textiles made up of cellulose.
Properties:
- Reaction condition: A highly energetic reaction
- Temperature: 80 degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Based on the energetic reaction conditions
- Fixation efficiency: High
- PH: 10.5
2. Bi-Functional Dye
These dyes exhibit god fastness properties and carry two reactive groups. Low temperature is required for the dye uptake, and they produce pale shades.
Properties:
- Temperature: 60 degrees Celsius
- Solubility: They have different types of reactive groups in a single molecule where the end condensation is with B-sulphato ethyl sulfone
- Fixation: Haloheterocycle
- Sustainability: Level-dying performance on substrates
- Dyeing efficiency: Excellent
3. Dichlorotriazine Dye
Non-toxicity and ease of use define these dyes.
Properties:
- Fastness: Excellent
- Temperature: 80 degrees Celsius
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4. Aminofluorotriazine Dye
It is readily applicable to the material. However, it comes with a limited choice of colors.
Properties
- Temperature: 50 degrees Celsius
- Ease of use: Easily applied and easy removal of unattached excess dye
5. Dichloroquinoxaline Dye
Properties:
- Temperature: 35 – 40 degrees Celsius
- Dye Process: Cold Dyeing
6. Aminochlorotriazine Dye
Properties:
- Temperature: 80 degrees Celsius
- Dyeing process: Hot water dye
7. Reactive Cold Dyes
Properties:
- Temperature: 40 degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Easily mix in water
- Fixation: High fixation with high Tinctorial values
- Sustainability: Easily available and can be used on a variety of fabric
8. Reactive Hot Dyes
Properties:
- Temperature: 60 Degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Categorized into cold, warm, and hot dyes based on the anchor groups
- Fixation: Steaming is used to fix the dye at 100-150 degrees Celsius
- Sustainability: Low stability of the hydrolyzed dyes
9. Reactive HE Dyes
Properties
- Temperature: 80 Degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Excellent for long and short liquor ratios
- Fixation: High with high Tinctorial values
- Sustainability: High reproducibility and compatibility
10. Reactive ME Dyes
Properties
- Temperature: 25 – 30 degrees Celsius
- Fixation: High fixation rates and excellent alkali stability
11. Dylon Cold
Properties:
- Temperature: 40 degrees Celsius
- Fixation: Chlorodifluoropyrimidine is the primary functional group
12. Vinylsulphone Dye
Properties
- Temperature: 60 Degrees Celsius
- Solubility: ‘masking’ group makes it long-lasting in water
- Fixation: Activated double bond
13. Precision MX
Properties
- Temperature: 30 Degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Good solubility with hot water and water at room temperature
- Sustainability: Good wash-fastness
14. Procion H
Properties:
- Temperature: 80 degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Cold dyeing is most preferred
- Sustainability: Powder dyes need less steam time
15. Cibacron F
Properties
- Temperature: 50 Degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Warm water preferred
16. Prochem Sabracron F Dye
Properties
- Temperature: 60 degrees Celsius
- Solubility: Urea water added to make a dye solution
17. Levafix E Dye
Properties
- Temperature: 50 Degrees Celsius
- Fixation: Molecules attach with cellulose molecules with the help of a Dichloroquinoxaline functional group
To know more in detail about different types of reactive dyes, Click Here!
Conclusion
Reactive dyeing is an essential method of coloring cellulosic fabric. They are very popular as they are used to dye almost every fabric.
Meghmani Global is an established reactive dyes manufacturer that produces quality dyes. As a reactive dye supplier, we maintain high standards of testing and storage. We are also a reactive dye exporter, and you can contact us with any requirement. So contact us today to get the best quality reactive dyes that suit your application.
Frequently Asked Questions About Reactive Dyes:
Q1. What is reactive dye in textile?
A1. Reactive dye, any of a class of highly coloured organic substances, primarily used for tinting textiles, that attach themselves to their substrates by a chemical reaction that forms a covalent bond between the molecule of dye and that of the fibre.
Q2. What is bifunctional reactive dyes?
A2. Bifunctional reactive dyes are coloured compounds that have more than one reactive moiety per molecule or groups capable of forming covalent bonds between carbon atom of the dye ions or molecules and functional groups of the substrate.
Q3. Why is it called reactive dye?
A3. The term reactive signifies that the dyes react rapidly with an inert fiber like cotton and produces co-valent bond formation with an excellent color fastness. So, this dye stuff is called reactive dye.
Q4. What are reactive dyes made of?
A4. Reactive dyes are made from synthetic petrochemicals. The process requires very high concentrations of salt (0%-80% of the weight of the goods dyed), alkali and water.
Q5. What are the advantages of fiber reactive dyes?
A5. Greater than 90% of the dyestuffs are reacted onto the cellulose fibers, meaning less dyestuffs are washed down the drain as waste. Bonds with the fiber, thus creating a more permanent color. Good wet fastness with minimal bleeding adjacent to other non-cellulosic fibers.